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ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL v4.0) Sample Questions (Q242-Q247):

NEW QUESTION # 242
Which type of software development product can undergo static testing?

A. Any software development product can undergo static testing, including requirements specifications, design specifications and code.
B. Static testing is done only on the code as part of the "code review" sessions Other documents are reviewed, but not by static testing.
C. Static testing is done only on the requirements You need to execute the software in order to find defects in the code.
D. Static tests should be performed on the installation and user guide documents as these documents are used by the end user.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Static testing is a form of testing that does not involve executing the software, but rather analyzing it for defects, errors, or violations of standards. Static testing can be applied to any software development product, including requirements specifications, design specifications, code, test cases, test plans, user manuals, etc.
Static testing can be done by using various techniques such as reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, checklists, static analysis tools, etc. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus
- Springer, page 7.

NEW QUESTION # 243
From a testing perspective, configuration management

A. Includes all activities that direct and control an organisation with regard to quality
B. Focuses on configuring static analysis tools to choose the most suitable breadth and depth of analysis.
C. Allows the tracking of all changes to versions of the testware.
D. Allows the expected results to be compared with the actual results.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Configuration management in the context of testing involves the systematic control of changes to the configuration items, including testware such as test scripts, test data, and test environments. It ensures that all changes are tracked and recorded, enabling the version control and management of testware .
Option A is related to test execution rather than configuration management. Option C describes quality management in a broader sense, not specifically configuration management. Option D is specific to the configuration of tools, not the overall management of testware versions.

NEW QUESTION # 244
A software application incorrectly provided customers discounts of 50% off their total purchases if the purchases exceeded S100. It was discovered through an audit that the discount should have been only 5% off these purchases. A root cause analysis uncovered that the requirements Incorrectly stated 50% instead of 5% in this scenario.
Which of the following MOST accurately reflects this scenario?

A. The audit finding Is the root cause, the incorrect calculation of 50% Is the defect, and the Incorrect requirement Is the effect
B. The incorrect customer discount is the effect and the reason for the requirement error is the root cause
C. The incorrect discount is the root cause, requiring a root cause analysis which led to investigating the software code, design, and requirements
D. A defect in the code is determined to be the root cause of the incorrect calculation

Answer: B

Explanation:
According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus, a defect is a deviation from the expected result which in this scenario is the incorrect discount applied to the customers. The root cause, as per the ISTQB definition, is the originating cause of a defect, which in this case is the incorrect requirement stating 50% instead of 5%. Therefore, the incorrect requirement is the root cause and the customer receiving the wrong discount is the effect of this root cause.
Reference:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 1.4.3 "Defects, Root Causes, and Effects".

NEW QUESTION # 245
Which ONE of the following options MOST ACCURATELY describesstatement testing?

A. In statement testing, the coverage items are executable statements. The aim is to design test cases that exercise statements in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.
B. In statement testing, the coverage items are decisions and statements. The aim is to design test cases that exercise statements in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.
C. In statement testing, the coverage items are control flow transfers between branches. The aim is to design test cases to exercise branches in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.
D. In statement testing, the coverage items are branches, and the aim is to design test cases to exercise branches in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Statement testingaims to executeevery executable statementin the source code at least once.
* (D) is correctas statement testing ensuresmaximum statement execution.
* (A) describes branch testing, which focuses on flow transfers.
* (B) and (C) incorrectly mix decision testing and branch testing concepts.

NEW QUESTION # 246
Which of the following statements is true?

A. A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error
B. Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels
C. A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure
D. Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions

Answer: D

Explanation:
Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions. A failure is an event in which the software system does not perform a required function or performs a function incorrectly, according to the expected behavior. A defect is a flaw in the software system or a deviation from the requirements or the specifications, that may cause a failure. However, not all failures are caused by defects, as some failures may be caused by environmental conditions, such as hardware malfunctions, network interruptions, power outages, incompatible configurations, etc. Environmental conditions are factors that affect the operation of the software system, but are not part of the software system itself. The other statements are false, because:
* A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure. This statement is false, because a defect may or may not produce a failure, depending on the inputs, the outputs, the states, or the scenarios of the software system, and a bug is just another term for a defect, so it has the same possibility of producing a failure as a defect. For example, a defect in a rarely used feature or a hidden branch of the code may never produce a failure, while a defect in a frequently used feature or a critical path of the code may produce a failure often. A bug is not a different concept from a defect, but rather a synonym or a colloquial term for a defect, so it has the same definition and implications as a defect.
* A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error. This statement is false, because an error is not a consequence of a failure, but rather a cause of a defect. An error is a human action or a mistake that produces a defect in the software system, such as a typo, a logic flaw, a requirement misunderstanding, etc. An error is not observable in the software system, but rather in the human mind or the human work products, such as the code, the design, the documentation, etc. A failure is not a cause of an error, but rather a result of a defect, which is a result of an error. For example, an error in the code may cause a defect in the software system, which may cause a failure in the software behavior.
* Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels.
This statement is false, because bugs and failures are not different types of defects, but rather different terms for defects and their manifestations. As mentioned before, bugs are just another word for defects, and failures are the events in which the software system does not perform as expected due to defects.
Bugs and failures can be found at any test level, not only at component testing or higher test levels. Test levels are the stages of testing that correspond to the levels of integration of the software system, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Defects and failures can occur and be detected at any test level, depending on the test objectives, the test basis, the test techniques, and the test environment. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.
0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.2, Testing and Quality1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Failure, Defect, Bug, Environmental Condition, Error, Test Level2

NEW QUESTION # 247
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ISTQB-CTFL Reliable Test Blueprint, Reliable ISTQB-CTFL Test Experience

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ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL v4.0) Sample Questions (Q242-Q247):

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